Sanction
A coercive measure, as a blockade of shipping, usually taken by several nations together, for forcing a nation considered to have violated international law to end the violation.
Savings Accounts
Saving accounts are accounts that are offered and maintained by commercial banks and allow you to deposit a certain amount of money and receive interest on it. The main difference between savings accounts and checking accounts (the other most popular type of accounts) is that money on the former type is not readily accessible all the time – thus, for example, you can withdraw a sum from your savings account only when you visit a branch of your bank. Taking money from a checking account, on the other hand, is as easy as writing a check or going to an ATM and can be carried out 24/7.
Another important difference between the two types is that, as a rule, savings accounts offer bigger return on deposited assets. The more money one deposits in a savings account, the higher interest he gets paid. Therefore, if you have extra money that you do not need at present and want to make some profit from it, you are well-advised to place it on a savings rather than checking account.
With high yield savings accounts, clients enjoy a bigger annual percentage yield. This savings account is offered to customers who agree to deposit large initial deposit, maintain a high balance, and limit the amount of transactions in and out of the savings account. Typically, banks will offer such accounts to valued customers.
If you don't have a savings account yet, but would like to open one, there are a few things to consider. First, check the interest rates which the banks offer - it may seem surprising but nowadays, online banks offer better conditions than "normal" brick-and-mortar banks. Inquire if the interest rate depends on the amount of the account assets and the period for which they are deposited. Second, inform yourself about the withdrawal requirements of the banks. A bank, for example, may impose a minimum period before you are permitted to withdraw money from your account. Other banks, on the contrary, will facilitate the access to your assets by allowing you to withdraw money with checks. As a whole, the withdrawal policies of banks, although similar, differ in the details and require, therefore, extensive research and close attention. Third, choose a bank which will not lose the savings of its customers but will pay them back in full should it be declared insolvent. In the United States, for example, such secure banks are the ones which have taken out insurance with the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation.
Before selecting a bank to safe-keep your savings, examine its current financial status, read expert opinions, and check the feedback from its clients. After all, it is your hard-earned money which is at stake. A considerable part of your financial life revolves around relationships with banks, and it is worth doing some research.
When you sign the savings account contract, you will receive a passbook from the bank which you will have to bring with you any time when you want to withdraw money. This passbook will have a list of all transactions and accumulated interest on the account.
Apart from bank savings accounts, you may also consider money market funds, certificates of deposit, and money market accounts. Money market funds are similar to banks savings accounts, but their holders get better return. Money is typically invested in short-term bonds which carry less risk. With certificates of deposit, the bank holds the customer’s money for a specified period of time. This period may be between 1 and 6 months or 1 and 5 years. Unlike banking savings accounts, customers cannot withdraw any money at a time of their convenience, or they are subject to withdrawal fees. Money market accounts are normally offered by banking institutions. Holders get higher interest rate in comparison to regular savings accounts.
SEC [Securities and Exchange Commission]
As an independent agency of the government, the US Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) is responsible for the enforcement of federal laws and regulations which regulate securities, the stock exchanges, the securities industry, and the electronic markets for securities.
Following the Crash of 1929, the body was established as an independent structure by the US Congress in 1934. The main reasons for the SEC establishment were the need to prevent corporate abuse and to regulate the stock market. The body was empowered to license and regulate the stock exchanges and companies, dealers and brokers conducting trading on the stock market.
At present, there are seven major laws administered by the SEC Securities and Exchange Commission These are the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the Securities Act of 1933, the Investment Company Act of 1940, the Trust Indenture Act of 1939, the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, the Investment Advisers Act of 1940, and now the Credit Rating Agency Reform Act of 2006.
The SEC is also accorded the enforcement authority to proceed with measures against companies or individuals who commit financial fraud, provide false and misleading information, commit insider trading or engage in other security law violations. The SEC also works hand in hand with other criminal agencies in an attempt to prosecute companies or individuals who commit criminal offenses.
The SEC requires that the public companies submit their quarterly or annual reports and other periodic statements. These reports are of prime importance to investors and help them make decisions, related to investments in the capital markets. Investments on these markets are not guaranteed by the government in the same way as banking is.
The EDGAR system is used by the SEC for the public disclosure of reports. In order to educate the public, the SEC also offers publications on topics related to investment. In addition, the system collects complaints, tips, and suggestions.
http://sec.gov/
Sheikh [Shaykh]
A coercive measure, as a blockade of shipping, usually taken by several nations together, for forcing a nation considered to have violated international law to end the violation.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sheikh
Shiite [Shia]
A member of one of the two great sects of Muslims: Shiites consider Ali, Mohammed’s son-in-law and the fourth of the caliphs, as the first Imam and the rightful successor of Mohammed, and do not accept the Sunna as authoritative.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shiite
Short Covering
Short Covering is the buying of a commodity or security, which has been borrowed and sold in a short sale. [See Shorting]
Short-Term Debt
Short-Term Debt is an account that stands for the current liabilities in the company’s balance sheet. Only debt that is due within a year will be quoted in the account. Normally, the short-term loans of companies are listed in the account. The value in this account is quite important while determining the financial situation of a company. A firm is thought to be in poor financial condition if the value in the account is larger than the cash equivalents of the company. A portion of the long-term debt which is due within the same period may also be included in the account.
The short-term loans are represented by operating term loans which are due in a one year period and lines of credit that revolve. These loans serve to finance the daily operations of the company such as the purchase of supplies and inventory, and the salaries of the employees.
Short-term loans are used to boost service, retail or manufacturing businesses in the acquisition of raw materials, inventory or parts and to promote or allow them to pay their monthly expenses such as interest and principal due loans, salaries, wages, leases, utilities, rentals, etc.
Such loans would not have been incurred if it was reasonable to sell the whole inventory and stock. This will bring cash immediately and prior to all payments that are due to the suppliers and employees. In most cases, however, this is not the case. The businesses are facing daily and monthly accruals of expenses such as rentals, wages, leases and so on, often incurred before the collection of revenue.
Typically, the credit unions and the non-commercial lenders offer this type of operating term loans. Often times, they are unable or unwilling to offer revolving lines of credit to their business clients. Lines of credit are usually granted to the most valuable clients of the lending institution.
Shorting
In finance, short selling (also known as shorting or going short) is the practice of selling assets, usually securities, that have been borrowed from a third party (usually a broker) with the intention of buying identical assets back at a later date to return to the lender. It is a form of reverse trading. Mathematically, it is equivalent to buying a "negative" amount of the assets. The short seller hopes to profit from a decline in the price of the assets between the sale and the repurchase, as the seller will pay less to buy the assets than the seller received on selling them. Conversely, the short seller will incur a loss if the price of the assets rises. Other costs of shorting may include a fee for borrowing the assets and payment of any dividends paid on the borrowed assets. "Shorting" and "going short" also refer to entering into any derivative or other contract under which the investor profits from a fall in the value of an asset.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shorting
Speculation
Speculation refers to the selection of high risk investments with the aim to profit from the anticipated movement of prices. It is not just a form of gambling as speculators take decisions on the basis of certain information before their risky endeavor. On the other hand, speculation should not be mistaken with traditional investment due to the increased amount of risks. Some investors apply a hedging strategy in a combination with the speculative investments.
The difference between speculation and investment is what articulates the meaning of the term. Even long-term investors, who buy and hold assets for many years, may be considered speculators, except for those who are earning income without selling at a profit.
Speculators typically stand out as short holders. They are willing to take short or long positions fast. Speculation exists in a wide range of financial decisions- from placing a bet on a horse to the actual purchase of a house. The modern market calls it "ubiquitous speculation."
At times, profit turns out insignificant or speculation does not satisfy current demand. Then, speculation comes with the hope to profit from goods and services that are scarce. The purchase raises their price and ensures long lasting supply. When the price goes sufficiently high, the speculators start to sell. This, on the other hand, reduces the price and encourages both consumption and export. The surplus is reduced in this manner.
Speculators serve the market purposes, too. In a hope for profit, they risk their own capital thus adding liquidity to the market.
Speculation has its side effects. It can result in a difference between prices and their fair value if there is misinformation on the market. When a purchase is speculative, it pushes the prices over their true value and thus increases demand in artificial way. Speculative sale has the opposite effect. The price falls significantly and leads to crashes.
Speculator
Speculator is an individual who invests in a high risk markets in hope for high gains.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Speculator
Sterilization
Sterilization in macroeconomics refers to the actions taken by a country's central bank (CB) to counter the effects on the money supply caused by a balance of payments surplus or deficit. This can involve open market operations undertaken by the CB whose aim is to neutralize the impact of associated foreign exchange operations. Most often sterilization is used in the context of a central bank which takes actions to negate potentially harmful impacts of capital inflows - such as currency appreciation and inflation - both of which can cause loss of export competitiveness. More generally it may refer to any form of monetary policy which seeks to leave the domestic money supply unchanged in the face of external shocks or other changes, including capital outflows. In the second half of the 20th century, sterilization was sometimes associated with efforts by monetary authorities to defend the value of their currency. In the 1930s and in the 21st century, sterilisation has most commonly been associated with efforts by nations with a balance of payments surplus to prevent currency appreciation.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sterilization_(economics)
Stock
A Stock or Share is a share in ownership in certain company. [See Common Stock.]
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stock
Stock Dividend
A Stock Dividend is a dividend paid in the company’s stock instead of cash.
Stock Exchange
The stock exchange represents a market on which all kinds of securities may be purchased or sold. In most cases, securities are known as shares, stocks and bonds. Government bills are also traded sometimes.
The following presentation will offer information about the largest stock markets in the world:
1. Nicknamed the ‘Big Board’, the New York Stock Exchange is the world’s largest in view of its dollar volume. This giant stock exchange has over 2700 listed securities. It opened on May 17, 1792 in a rented room at Wall Street. A great fire in 1835 resulted in its temporary closure.
2. The National Association of Securities Dealers Automated Quotation System (NASDAQ) is an American stock exchange known as the largest electronic trading market for equity securities in the U.S. The NASDAQ boosts more trading volume per day than any other stock exchange.
3. The London Stock Exchange, with its $7.57 share trades, is located in London, England. Based at Paternoster Square near the St Paul’s Cathedral, the stock exchange is also one of the largest in the world. In London, the share trade began with the idea to finance some of the important trade roads: the attempt of East India Company to reach India and the East, and voyage of the Muscovy Company’s to reaching China.
4. The Tokyo Stock Exchange holds the second position in the world in terms of market value, after the New York Stock Exchange. In view of share worth, it is on the fourth place. Listed here are 2271 domestic and 31 foreign companies. The Exchange was established on May 15, 1878 and started trading on June 1, 1878.
5. Euronext, with its $3.85 trillion share trades, is based in Paris, and has subsidiaries in other European countries such as Belgium, France, as well as the United Kingdom.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stock_Exchange
Stock Split
Let us say that for years one has been holding a stock that steadily increases in market value. Then, the person receives a letter from the company in which he owns some stock. The firm announces to its shareholders that there will be a stock split. As a shareholder what will this mean to the person?
There will be no reason to panic or celebrate. If one owns a hundred shares of stock X at $50 per share, the market value of the stock he owns will be $50. Let us say that a two-for-one split is announced by the company. The result will be that one will own twice as many shares which are priced at $25 per share. The total value of the shares will still be at $5000. The person did not lose or made a dollar and his holdings value stays the same.
The decision for a split may result for a number of reasons. It is often the case that the price of stock has risen significantly over quite some time, usually years. The stock attractiveness, as a result, may have begun to decline. The price has skyrocketed, although the value of the stock is also higher.
On the other hand, a reverse stock split may be initiated by the company when the latter decides that it is trading its stock at a low value. The perception of the investors may be that their stock has become too cheap. Therefore, trade at a low dollar value may come for a reason. In some cases, when the stock is below $3 in value per share, investment firms and investors find it unattractive. To answer such perceptions, the companies may decide to execute a reverse stock split. Let us say that stock X trades on a stock exchange at $2.5 per share and one holds 100 shares with a total value of $250. Then, the company decides to make a two-to-one reverse stock split. One will end up owning only 50 shares of stock X that are priced at $5 per share.
Sunnah
Muslim law based, according to tradition, on the teachings and practices of Mohammed and observed by orthodox Muslims: a supplement to the Koran.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sunnah
Sunni
A member of the larger of the two great divisions of Islam. The Sunnis supported the traditional method of election to the caliphate, and they accepted the Umayyad line that began with caliph Muawiyah in 661. On this issue they divided from the Shias (q.v.) in the great schism within Islam.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sunni_Islam
A coercive measure, as a blockade of shipping, usually taken by several nations together, for forcing a nation considered to have violated international law to end the violation.
Savings Accounts
Saving accounts are accounts that are offered and maintained by commercial banks and allow you to deposit a certain amount of money and receive interest on it. The main difference between savings accounts and checking accounts (the other most popular type of accounts) is that money on the former type is not readily accessible all the time – thus, for example, you can withdraw a sum from your savings account only when you visit a branch of your bank. Taking money from a checking account, on the other hand, is as easy as writing a check or going to an ATM and can be carried out 24/7.
Another important difference between the two types is that, as a rule, savings accounts offer bigger return on deposited assets. The more money one deposits in a savings account, the higher interest he gets paid. Therefore, if you have extra money that you do not need at present and want to make some profit from it, you are well-advised to place it on a savings rather than checking account.
With high yield savings accounts, clients enjoy a bigger annual percentage yield. This savings account is offered to customers who agree to deposit large initial deposit, maintain a high balance, and limit the amount of transactions in and out of the savings account. Typically, banks will offer such accounts to valued customers.
If you don't have a savings account yet, but would like to open one, there are a few things to consider. First, check the interest rates which the banks offer - it may seem surprising but nowadays, online banks offer better conditions than "normal" brick-and-mortar banks. Inquire if the interest rate depends on the amount of the account assets and the period for which they are deposited. Second, inform yourself about the withdrawal requirements of the banks. A bank, for example, may impose a minimum period before you are permitted to withdraw money from your account. Other banks, on the contrary, will facilitate the access to your assets by allowing you to withdraw money with checks. As a whole, the withdrawal policies of banks, although similar, differ in the details and require, therefore, extensive research and close attention. Third, choose a bank which will not lose the savings of its customers but will pay them back in full should it be declared insolvent. In the United States, for example, such secure banks are the ones which have taken out insurance with the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation.
Before selecting a bank to safe-keep your savings, examine its current financial status, read expert opinions, and check the feedback from its clients. After all, it is your hard-earned money which is at stake. A considerable part of your financial life revolves around relationships with banks, and it is worth doing some research.
When you sign the savings account contract, you will receive a passbook from the bank which you will have to bring with you any time when you want to withdraw money. This passbook will have a list of all transactions and accumulated interest on the account.
Apart from bank savings accounts, you may also consider money market funds, certificates of deposit, and money market accounts. Money market funds are similar to banks savings accounts, but their holders get better return. Money is typically invested in short-term bonds which carry less risk. With certificates of deposit, the bank holds the customer’s money for a specified period of time. This period may be between 1 and 6 months or 1 and 5 years. Unlike banking savings accounts, customers cannot withdraw any money at a time of their convenience, or they are subject to withdrawal fees. Money market accounts are normally offered by banking institutions. Holders get higher interest rate in comparison to regular savings accounts.
SEC [Securities and Exchange Commission]
As an independent agency of the government, the US Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) is responsible for the enforcement of federal laws and regulations which regulate securities, the stock exchanges, the securities industry, and the electronic markets for securities.
Following the Crash of 1929, the body was established as an independent structure by the US Congress in 1934. The main reasons for the SEC establishment were the need to prevent corporate abuse and to regulate the stock market. The body was empowered to license and regulate the stock exchanges and companies, dealers and brokers conducting trading on the stock market.
At present, there are seven major laws administered by the SEC Securities and Exchange Commission These are the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the Securities Act of 1933, the Investment Company Act of 1940, the Trust Indenture Act of 1939, the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, the Investment Advisers Act of 1940, and now the Credit Rating Agency Reform Act of 2006.
The SEC is also accorded the enforcement authority to proceed with measures against companies or individuals who commit financial fraud, provide false and misleading information, commit insider trading or engage in other security law violations. The SEC also works hand in hand with other criminal agencies in an attempt to prosecute companies or individuals who commit criminal offenses.
The SEC requires that the public companies submit their quarterly or annual reports and other periodic statements. These reports are of prime importance to investors and help them make decisions, related to investments in the capital markets. Investments on these markets are not guaranteed by the government in the same way as banking is.
The EDGAR system is used by the SEC for the public disclosure of reports. In order to educate the public, the SEC also offers publications on topics related to investment. In addition, the system collects complaints, tips, and suggestions.
http://sec.gov/
Sheikh [Shaykh]
A coercive measure, as a blockade of shipping, usually taken by several nations together, for forcing a nation considered to have violated international law to end the violation.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sheikh
Shiite [Shia]
A member of one of the two great sects of Muslims: Shiites consider Ali, Mohammed’s son-in-law and the fourth of the caliphs, as the first Imam and the rightful successor of Mohammed, and do not accept the Sunna as authoritative.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shiite
Short Covering
Short Covering is the buying of a commodity or security, which has been borrowed and sold in a short sale. [See Shorting]
Short-Term Debt
Short-Term Debt is an account that stands for the current liabilities in the company’s balance sheet. Only debt that is due within a year will be quoted in the account. Normally, the short-term loans of companies are listed in the account. The value in this account is quite important while determining the financial situation of a company. A firm is thought to be in poor financial condition if the value in the account is larger than the cash equivalents of the company. A portion of the long-term debt which is due within the same period may also be included in the account.
The short-term loans are represented by operating term loans which are due in a one year period and lines of credit that revolve. These loans serve to finance the daily operations of the company such as the purchase of supplies and inventory, and the salaries of the employees.
Short-term loans are used to boost service, retail or manufacturing businesses in the acquisition of raw materials, inventory or parts and to promote or allow them to pay their monthly expenses such as interest and principal due loans, salaries, wages, leases, utilities, rentals, etc.
Such loans would not have been incurred if it was reasonable to sell the whole inventory and stock. This will bring cash immediately and prior to all payments that are due to the suppliers and employees. In most cases, however, this is not the case. The businesses are facing daily and monthly accruals of expenses such as rentals, wages, leases and so on, often incurred before the collection of revenue.
Typically, the credit unions and the non-commercial lenders offer this type of operating term loans. Often times, they are unable or unwilling to offer revolving lines of credit to their business clients. Lines of credit are usually granted to the most valuable clients of the lending institution.
Shorting
In finance, short selling (also known as shorting or going short) is the practice of selling assets, usually securities, that have been borrowed from a third party (usually a broker) with the intention of buying identical assets back at a later date to return to the lender. It is a form of reverse trading. Mathematically, it is equivalent to buying a "negative" amount of the assets. The short seller hopes to profit from a decline in the price of the assets between the sale and the repurchase, as the seller will pay less to buy the assets than the seller received on selling them. Conversely, the short seller will incur a loss if the price of the assets rises. Other costs of shorting may include a fee for borrowing the assets and payment of any dividends paid on the borrowed assets. "Shorting" and "going short" also refer to entering into any derivative or other contract under which the investor profits from a fall in the value of an asset.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shorting
Speculation
Speculation refers to the selection of high risk investments with the aim to profit from the anticipated movement of prices. It is not just a form of gambling as speculators take decisions on the basis of certain information before their risky endeavor. On the other hand, speculation should not be mistaken with traditional investment due to the increased amount of risks. Some investors apply a hedging strategy in a combination with the speculative investments.
The difference between speculation and investment is what articulates the meaning of the term. Even long-term investors, who buy and hold assets for many years, may be considered speculators, except for those who are earning income without selling at a profit.
Speculators typically stand out as short holders. They are willing to take short or long positions fast. Speculation exists in a wide range of financial decisions- from placing a bet on a horse to the actual purchase of a house. The modern market calls it "ubiquitous speculation."
At times, profit turns out insignificant or speculation does not satisfy current demand. Then, speculation comes with the hope to profit from goods and services that are scarce. The purchase raises their price and ensures long lasting supply. When the price goes sufficiently high, the speculators start to sell. This, on the other hand, reduces the price and encourages both consumption and export. The surplus is reduced in this manner.
Speculators serve the market purposes, too. In a hope for profit, they risk their own capital thus adding liquidity to the market.
Speculation has its side effects. It can result in a difference between prices and their fair value if there is misinformation on the market. When a purchase is speculative, it pushes the prices over their true value and thus increases demand in artificial way. Speculative sale has the opposite effect. The price falls significantly and leads to crashes.
Speculator
Speculator is an individual who invests in a high risk markets in hope for high gains.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Speculator
Sterilization
Sterilization in macroeconomics refers to the actions taken by a country's central bank (CB) to counter the effects on the money supply caused by a balance of payments surplus or deficit. This can involve open market operations undertaken by the CB whose aim is to neutralize the impact of associated foreign exchange operations. Most often sterilization is used in the context of a central bank which takes actions to negate potentially harmful impacts of capital inflows - such as currency appreciation and inflation - both of which can cause loss of export competitiveness. More generally it may refer to any form of monetary policy which seeks to leave the domestic money supply unchanged in the face of external shocks or other changes, including capital outflows. In the second half of the 20th century, sterilization was sometimes associated with efforts by monetary authorities to defend the value of their currency. In the 1930s and in the 21st century, sterilisation has most commonly been associated with efforts by nations with a balance of payments surplus to prevent currency appreciation.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sterilization_(economics)
Stock
A Stock or Share is a share in ownership in certain company. [See Common Stock.]
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stock
Stock Dividend
A Stock Dividend is a dividend paid in the company’s stock instead of cash.
Stock Exchange
The stock exchange represents a market on which all kinds of securities may be purchased or sold. In most cases, securities are known as shares, stocks and bonds. Government bills are also traded sometimes.
The following presentation will offer information about the largest stock markets in the world:
1. Nicknamed the ‘Big Board’, the New York Stock Exchange is the world’s largest in view of its dollar volume. This giant stock exchange has over 2700 listed securities. It opened on May 17, 1792 in a rented room at Wall Street. A great fire in 1835 resulted in its temporary closure.
2. The National Association of Securities Dealers Automated Quotation System (NASDAQ) is an American stock exchange known as the largest electronic trading market for equity securities in the U.S. The NASDAQ boosts more trading volume per day than any other stock exchange.
3. The London Stock Exchange, with its $7.57 share trades, is located in London, England. Based at Paternoster Square near the St Paul’s Cathedral, the stock exchange is also one of the largest in the world. In London, the share trade began with the idea to finance some of the important trade roads: the attempt of East India Company to reach India and the East, and voyage of the Muscovy Company’s to reaching China.
4. The Tokyo Stock Exchange holds the second position in the world in terms of market value, after the New York Stock Exchange. In view of share worth, it is on the fourth place. Listed here are 2271 domestic and 31 foreign companies. The Exchange was established on May 15, 1878 and started trading on June 1, 1878.
5. Euronext, with its $3.85 trillion share trades, is based in Paris, and has subsidiaries in other European countries such as Belgium, France, as well as the United Kingdom.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stock_Exchange
Stock Split
Let us say that for years one has been holding a stock that steadily increases in market value. Then, the person receives a letter from the company in which he owns some stock. The firm announces to its shareholders that there will be a stock split. As a shareholder what will this mean to the person?
There will be no reason to panic or celebrate. If one owns a hundred shares of stock X at $50 per share, the market value of the stock he owns will be $50. Let us say that a two-for-one split is announced by the company. The result will be that one will own twice as many shares which are priced at $25 per share. The total value of the shares will still be at $5000. The person did not lose or made a dollar and his holdings value stays the same.
The decision for a split may result for a number of reasons. It is often the case that the price of stock has risen significantly over quite some time, usually years. The stock attractiveness, as a result, may have begun to decline. The price has skyrocketed, although the value of the stock is also higher.
On the other hand, a reverse stock split may be initiated by the company when the latter decides that it is trading its stock at a low value. The perception of the investors may be that their stock has become too cheap. Therefore, trade at a low dollar value may come for a reason. In some cases, when the stock is below $3 in value per share, investment firms and investors find it unattractive. To answer such perceptions, the companies may decide to execute a reverse stock split. Let us say that stock X trades on a stock exchange at $2.5 per share and one holds 100 shares with a total value of $250. Then, the company decides to make a two-to-one reverse stock split. One will end up owning only 50 shares of stock X that are priced at $5 per share.
Sunnah
Muslim law based, according to tradition, on the teachings and practices of Mohammed and observed by orthodox Muslims: a supplement to the Koran.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sunnah
Sunni
A member of the larger of the two great divisions of Islam. The Sunnis supported the traditional method of election to the caliphate, and they accepted the Umayyad line that began with caliph Muawiyah in 661. On this issue they divided from the Shias (q.v.) in the great schism within Islam.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sunni_Islam