Rally
Rally, in stock market refers to a sudden, significant rise in price of a particular security or in the total market. This can especially happen after a continuous period of falling prices. Suppose the stock market has dropped in the morning, and the investors consequently make haste to purchase companies at lower prices, then the stock market is said to have rallied.
It is caused due to a huge sum of money that enters the market, bidding the prices up. The magnitude or length of a rally is dependent on the depth and volume of buyers, as well as the amount of selling they do. Thus if there is a greater number of buyers but less investors intending to sell, there is likelihood of a large rally. If the number of buyers matches the number of sellers, the rally most likely will be of a short tenure with the price movement being minimal.
Rally is a period of sustained increase in stocks, bonds and prices of indexes. This type of situation can take place either during a bull market or a bear market.
Bear market rally
A bear market rally refers to a rally that occurs after a great amount of downward trend. A bear market rally apparently is an indication of the markets making recovery. In other words it is turning around to a bull market. However this might signify a temporary trend. Because of the inherent unpredictability associated with this rally, it is also sometimes termed as a sucker rally. Many people are misguided into investing seeing the upward trend only to be deceived shortly, when markets do fall.
Bull market rally
This is a sustained, prolonged period of rising investment prices, faster than the historical average. One of the significant periods of bull market rally in the U.S. was in the early 1990s.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rally_(stock_market)
RCC Iraq [Revolution Command Council of Iraq]
The Iraqi Revolutionary Command Council was established after the military coup in 1968, and was the ultimate decision making body in Iraq before the 2003 American-led invasion. It exercised both executive and legislative authority in the country, with the Chairman and Vice Chairman chosen by a two-thirds majority of the council. The Chairman was also then declared the President of Iraq and he was then allowed to select a Vice President. After Saddam Hussein became President of Iraq in 1979 the council was led by deputy chairman Izzat Ibrahim ad-Douri, deputy Prime Minister Tariq Aziz, and Taha Yassin Ramadan, who had known Saddam since the 1960s. The legislature was composed of the RCC, the National Assembly and a 50-member Kurdish Legislative Council which governed the country. During his presidency, Saddam Hussein was Chairman of the RCC and President of the Republic. Other members of the RCC included Salah Omar Al-Ali who held the position between 1968 and 1970, one of Saddam's half-brothers, Barzan Ibrahim al-Tikriti, Taha Yasin Ramadan, Adnan Khairallah, Sa'adoun Shaker Mahmoud, Tariq Aziz Isa, Hasan Ali Nassar al-Namiri, Naim Hamid Haddad and Taha Mohieddin Maruf. It was officially dissolved on May 23, 2003 by Paul Bremer per Order Number 2 of the Coalition Provisional Authority.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Revolutionary_Command_Council
Redemption Price
Redemption Price is the price at which a bond can be bought back by the bond issuer before maturity date. In the case of mutual funds the redemption price is the price at which the mutual fund shares are redeemed by the fund.
Refinancing
Refinancing is replacing an existing debt with a debt obligation, often bearing different and better terms for the borrower. The most popular form of consumer refinancing is for a home mortgage.
What are the advantages of refinancing?
Types of refinancing
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Refinancing
REIT [Real Estate Investment Trusts]
REIT, or real estate investment trusts, are entities which invest in real estate or related assets. Examples represent office buildings, shopping centers, mortgages secured by real estates and hotels. In principle, there are three REITs types:
- Equity REITs are considered the most common type of all. They own or invest in real estates and collect rent to accrue profit for their investors.
- Mortgage real estate investment trusts stand for investors in financial instruments which are considered secure because of the mortgages on real estates. In addition, they lend money to developers or owners.
- Hybrid REITs represent a combination between mortgages and equity REITs.
The Internal Revenue Code lists the conditions that should be met by a company in order to qualify as REIT. For example each year, 90% of the company’s taxable income must be paid to the shareholders. In addition, 75% of the total assets must be invested in real estates and 75% or more of the gross income must come from mortgages on real property or from investments.
Many REITs trade at the over-the-counter market or the national exchanges. Reports must be filed to the SEC when RETS is publicly traded. They are typically prepared on a quarterly or annual basis.
The most useful REITs statistics are the following: the Adjusted Funds from Operations (AFFO), Net Asset Value (NAV), and Cash Available for Distribution (CAD). Recently, REITs face challenges from the slowing economy and the world’s financial crisis which lowers the value of share values with up to 40 to 70 percents.
Investment in a mutual fund or purchase of shares directly is the typical manner in which individuals invest in REITs. As an additional benefit from the investment in REITs, many of them offer plans for dividend reinvestment. If clients are looking for dividend payments and liquid means for participation in the real estate market, they should invest in REITs.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reit
Revaluation
A calculated adjustment to a country's official exchange rate relative to a chosen baseline. The baseline can be anything from wage rates to the price of gold to a foreign currency. In a fixed exchange rate regime, only a decision by a country's government (i.e. central bank) can alter the official value of the currency.
ROI [Return on Investment]
The return on investment (ROI) measures the efficiency of an investment or makes an efficiency comparison among a number of different investments. The return of the investment is divided by its cost in order to calculate ROI.
The ROI metric is very popular because of its simplicity and versatility. For example, if an investment lacks a positive ROI, other opportunities should be pursued and the investment in question forsaken.
A note should be taken, however, that the calculation of ROI and its definition can be altered to suit particular needs. What one includes as costs and returns is all that counts here. The term’s definition tries to measure the investment’s profitability and therefore, there is no calculation that is “right”.
A marketer may use two different products as a comparison, dividing in the process the revenue, generated by each product, by its marketing expenses. In other cases, a financial analyst may employ a different ROI calculation for the same two products. He may divide the net income by the total value of resources, used in making and selling the product.
It is flexible but has a negative side because such calculations are easily modified to serve someone’s purposes. The result, therefore, can be expressed in many ways that differ. The understanding of inputs is vital when using this metric.
Return on Investment and Rate of Return list the cash flow from an investment over a set period of time, normally a year. The investment profitability is measured through ROI, not through the investment’s size. The size of an investment is increased through dividend reinvestment and compound interest which yields a higher dollar return in the process Return on Investment is based on the invested capital and represents a percentage return.
Generally the higher investment risk increases the possibility of higher investment return or higher investment loss.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Return_on_Investment
Rally, in stock market refers to a sudden, significant rise in price of a particular security or in the total market. This can especially happen after a continuous period of falling prices. Suppose the stock market has dropped in the morning, and the investors consequently make haste to purchase companies at lower prices, then the stock market is said to have rallied.
It is caused due to a huge sum of money that enters the market, bidding the prices up. The magnitude or length of a rally is dependent on the depth and volume of buyers, as well as the amount of selling they do. Thus if there is a greater number of buyers but less investors intending to sell, there is likelihood of a large rally. If the number of buyers matches the number of sellers, the rally most likely will be of a short tenure with the price movement being minimal.
Rally is a period of sustained increase in stocks, bonds and prices of indexes. This type of situation can take place either during a bull market or a bear market.
Bear market rally
A bear market rally refers to a rally that occurs after a great amount of downward trend. A bear market rally apparently is an indication of the markets making recovery. In other words it is turning around to a bull market. However this might signify a temporary trend. Because of the inherent unpredictability associated with this rally, it is also sometimes termed as a sucker rally. Many people are misguided into investing seeing the upward trend only to be deceived shortly, when markets do fall.
Bull market rally
This is a sustained, prolonged period of rising investment prices, faster than the historical average. One of the significant periods of bull market rally in the U.S. was in the early 1990s.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rally_(stock_market)
RCC Iraq [Revolution Command Council of Iraq]
The Iraqi Revolutionary Command Council was established after the military coup in 1968, and was the ultimate decision making body in Iraq before the 2003 American-led invasion. It exercised both executive and legislative authority in the country, with the Chairman and Vice Chairman chosen by a two-thirds majority of the council. The Chairman was also then declared the President of Iraq and he was then allowed to select a Vice President. After Saddam Hussein became President of Iraq in 1979 the council was led by deputy chairman Izzat Ibrahim ad-Douri, deputy Prime Minister Tariq Aziz, and Taha Yassin Ramadan, who had known Saddam since the 1960s. The legislature was composed of the RCC, the National Assembly and a 50-member Kurdish Legislative Council which governed the country. During his presidency, Saddam Hussein was Chairman of the RCC and President of the Republic. Other members of the RCC included Salah Omar Al-Ali who held the position between 1968 and 1970, one of Saddam's half-brothers, Barzan Ibrahim al-Tikriti, Taha Yasin Ramadan, Adnan Khairallah, Sa'adoun Shaker Mahmoud, Tariq Aziz Isa, Hasan Ali Nassar al-Namiri, Naim Hamid Haddad and Taha Mohieddin Maruf. It was officially dissolved on May 23, 2003 by Paul Bremer per Order Number 2 of the Coalition Provisional Authority.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Revolutionary_Command_Council
Redemption Price
Redemption Price is the price at which a bond can be bought back by the bond issuer before maturity date. In the case of mutual funds the redemption price is the price at which the mutual fund shares are redeemed by the fund.
Refinancing
Refinancing is replacing an existing debt with a debt obligation, often bearing different and better terms for the borrower. The most popular form of consumer refinancing is for a home mortgage.
What are the advantages of refinancing?
- Refinancing helps in overall improvement of cash flow. Refinancing often offers favorable conditions of lending thereby reducing the borrowing costs. A reduced interest rate can help in altering the equated monthly installments of the loan.
- Refinancing to a fixed – rate loan from a variable rate reduces the risks related to the payment of the existing loan. Variable interest rates of loans generally shift up and down based on various market movements. By shifting to a fixed rate of interest in a loan the risks are considerable reduced. There is no chance of interest rates skyrocketing at any point of time.
- Sometimes refinancing a loan for personal borrowers can help them pay off other high – interest debts like credit card debt.
- By taking a longer – term refinancing loan, one might be able to lower one’s periodic obligations of payment.
- There are certain tax advantages that come with refinancing home mortgages in the U.S.
Types of refinancing
- No closing cost type of refinancing: In this case only a few upfront fees are paid to get a refinancing or a new mortgage loan proving to be highly beneficial to the borrowers in the long run.
- Cash out kind of refinancing: The borrower is eligible to apply for a refinance on a higher amount provided he qualifies with his present home equity.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Refinancing
REIT [Real Estate Investment Trusts]
REIT, or real estate investment trusts, are entities which invest in real estate or related assets. Examples represent office buildings, shopping centers, mortgages secured by real estates and hotels. In principle, there are three REITs types:
- Equity REITs are considered the most common type of all. They own or invest in real estates and collect rent to accrue profit for their investors.
- Mortgage real estate investment trusts stand for investors in financial instruments which are considered secure because of the mortgages on real estates. In addition, they lend money to developers or owners.
- Hybrid REITs represent a combination between mortgages and equity REITs.
The Internal Revenue Code lists the conditions that should be met by a company in order to qualify as REIT. For example each year, 90% of the company’s taxable income must be paid to the shareholders. In addition, 75% of the total assets must be invested in real estates and 75% or more of the gross income must come from mortgages on real property or from investments.
Many REITs trade at the over-the-counter market or the national exchanges. Reports must be filed to the SEC when RETS is publicly traded. They are typically prepared on a quarterly or annual basis.
The most useful REITs statistics are the following: the Adjusted Funds from Operations (AFFO), Net Asset Value (NAV), and Cash Available for Distribution (CAD). Recently, REITs face challenges from the slowing economy and the world’s financial crisis which lowers the value of share values with up to 40 to 70 percents.
Investment in a mutual fund or purchase of shares directly is the typical manner in which individuals invest in REITs. As an additional benefit from the investment in REITs, many of them offer plans for dividend reinvestment. If clients are looking for dividend payments and liquid means for participation in the real estate market, they should invest in REITs.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reit
Revaluation
A calculated adjustment to a country's official exchange rate relative to a chosen baseline. The baseline can be anything from wage rates to the price of gold to a foreign currency. In a fixed exchange rate regime, only a decision by a country's government (i.e. central bank) can alter the official value of the currency.
ROI [Return on Investment]
The return on investment (ROI) measures the efficiency of an investment or makes an efficiency comparison among a number of different investments. The return of the investment is divided by its cost in order to calculate ROI.
The ROI metric is very popular because of its simplicity and versatility. For example, if an investment lacks a positive ROI, other opportunities should be pursued and the investment in question forsaken.
A note should be taken, however, that the calculation of ROI and its definition can be altered to suit particular needs. What one includes as costs and returns is all that counts here. The term’s definition tries to measure the investment’s profitability and therefore, there is no calculation that is “right”.
A marketer may use two different products as a comparison, dividing in the process the revenue, generated by each product, by its marketing expenses. In other cases, a financial analyst may employ a different ROI calculation for the same two products. He may divide the net income by the total value of resources, used in making and selling the product.
It is flexible but has a negative side because such calculations are easily modified to serve someone’s purposes. The result, therefore, can be expressed in many ways that differ. The understanding of inputs is vital when using this metric.
Return on Investment and Rate of Return list the cash flow from an investment over a set period of time, normally a year. The investment profitability is measured through ROI, not through the investment’s size. The size of an investment is increased through dividend reinvestment and compound interest which yields a higher dollar return in the process Return on Investment is based on the invested capital and represents a percentage return.
Generally the higher investment risk increases the possibility of higher investment return or higher investment loss.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Return_on_Investment